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All with only one pipe. Should be much faster as well (sort is slow). Use find instead of ls for recursion or reliability.
Edit: case insensitive
If we want files with more than one extension, like .tar.gz, only appear the latest, .gz:
ls -Xp /path/to/dir | grep -Eo "\.[^./]+$" | uniq
If your grep doesn't have an -o option, you can use sed instead.
Once you get into advanced/optimized scripts, functions, or cli usage, you will use the sort command alot. The options are difficult to master/memorize however, and when you use sort commands as much as I do (some examples below), it's useful to have the help available with a simple alias. I love this alias as I never seem to remember all the options for sort, and I use sort like crazy (much better than uniq for example).
# Sorts by file permissions
find . -maxdepth 1 -printf '%.5m %10M %p\n' | sort -k1 -r -g -bS 20%
00761 drwxrw---x ./tmp
00755 drwxr-xr-x .
00701 drwx-----x ./askapache-m
00644 -rw-r--r-- ./.htaccess
# Shows uniq history fast
history 1000 | sed 's/^[0-9 ]*//' | sort -fubdS 50%
exec bash -lxv
export TERM=putty-256color
Taken from my http://www.askapache.com/linux-unix/bash_profile-functions-advanced-shell.html
The cut should match the relevant timestamp part of the logfile, the uniq will count the number of occurrences during this time interval.
Change the cut range for hits per 10 sec, minute and so on... Grep can be used to filter on url or source IP.
This command might not be useful for most of us, I just wanted to share it to show power of command line.
Download simple text version of novel David Copperfield from Poject Gutenberg and then generate a single column of words after which occurences of each word is counted by sort | uniq -c combination.
This command removes numbers and single characters from count. I'm sure you can write a shorter version.
Here is a command line to run on your server if you think your server is under attack. It prints our a list of open connections to your server and sorts them by amount.
BSD Version:
netstat -na |awk '{print $5}' |cut -d "." -f1,2,3,4 |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr
Displays the duplicated lines in a file and their occuring frequency.
This command checks for the number of times when someone has tried to login to your server and failed. If there are a lot, then that user is being targeted on your system and you might want to make sure that user either has remote logins disabled, or has a strong password, or both. If your output has an "invalid" line, it is a summary of all logins from users that don't exist on your system.