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!# is the currennt line so far, by using !#:- you can go from the second arg (it's zero indexed) to the last ($)
(did I understand the problem correctly?)
It will create a backup of the filename. The advantage is that if you list the folder the backups will be sorted by date. The command works on any unix in bash.
In this case, I'm getting the package version for 'redhat-release', but of course, this can be applied to any package installed on the filesystem. This is very handy in scripts that need to determine just the version of the package, without the package name and all the sed and grep hackery to get to the data you want. To find out all the support format strings that 'rpm --qf' supports:
$ rpm --querytags
needed;
apt-get install tcpkill
Good old cat & output redirection. Using this method you can combine all kinds of things - even mpeg files. My video camera makes a series of .mpeg files that are broken into 4gb chunks. Using this command I can easily join them together. Even better, combined with the cp command the files can be copied and joined in one step.
#4345 also works under windows
available timezone can be found in /usr/share/zoneinfo. Other examples:
$ TZ=Europe/Paris date; TZ=Australia/Sydney date; TZ=America/New_York date
this is based on zoneinfo files on macosx. Your mileage my vary on other unix dialects
This command is a bit Linux specific, as --stdin doesn't exist for passwd on many Unix machines. Further, useradd is high level in most distributions and Unix derivatives except for the Debian family of distros, where adduser would be more appropriate. The last bit, with chage, will force the user to change their password on new login.
XX is your device partition number like /dev/sdc1 .
to see how many inodes your partition have type:
$ df --inodes (or df -i)
Default formatting with ext4 would create small inode count for the new partition
if you need big count of inodes is the fstype news the correct one.
in debian you can see which fstype exists as template in:
$ vim /etc/mke2fs.conf
if you format default ext for a partition size with 1TB you would get 1 Million inodes (not enough for backupStorages)
but if you format with fstype news you would get hunderd of millions of inodes for the partition.
you have tune
$/etc/sysctl.conf
also with following sysconfig parameters
$ fs.file-max = XXX
$ fs.nr_open = XXX
where XXX is the count of max inodes for whole system
