Commands tagged Filesystem sorted by votes

Commands tagged Filesystem (35)

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Which files/dirs waste my disk space
This is sample output - yours may be different.
0

du -h / | grep -w "[0-9]*G"

pashutinsky · 2011-07-23 19:02:11 5
copy root to new device

cloning root filesystem without suffering to possible interruptions. useful when moving a running system to a new partition. also works as a solid backup solution.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
0

rsync -aHux --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* /* /mnt/target/

unixmonkey24812 · 2011-08-22 14:26:56 5
Which files/dirs waste my disk space

Shows the 10 biggest files/dirs
This is sample output - yours may be different.
0

du -ah | sort -h | tail

jedifu · 2013-11-26 12:56:58 14
Which files/dirs waste my disk space

this will give u the details in MB's; from high to low.... Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
193     /var/log
189     /var/log/sysstat
1       /var/log/*****
1       /var/log/*****
1       /var/log/*****
1       /var/log/*****
1       /var/log/*****
1       /var/log/*****
```
0

du -xm --max-depth 2 /var/log | sort -rn | head

srvesh · 2013-12-16 13:29:33 8
List files that are not owned by any installed package

In this example I am returning all the files in /usr/bin that weren't put there by pacman, so that they can be moved to /usr/local/bin where they (most likely) belong. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
/usr/bin/archnews
/usr/bin/evhz
/usr/bin/pager
/usr/bin/pinentry-ncurses
/usr/bin/shortping
/usr/bin/showcolors
/usr/bin/xlock
```
0

for file in /usr/bin/*; do pacman -Qo "$file" &> /dev/null || echo "$file"; done

malathion · 2014-04-22 21:57:08 12
Full remote server backup over cstream using tar (excluding unnecessary files) (reports every 10 seconds)

The files are automatically uncompressed when they reach the destination machine. This is a fast way to backup your server to your local computer while it's running (shutting down services is recommended). A file named "exclude.txt" is needed at /tmp/ containing the following : /dev/* /media/* /mnt/* /proc/* /sys/* /tmp/* /home/*/.local/share/Trash /home/*/.gvfs /home/*/.cache /home/*/.thumbnails /etc/fstab /lib/modules/*/volatile/.mounted /var/run/* /var/lock/* /var/tmp/* /var/cache/apt/archives/* /lost+found/* Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
895643648 B 854.2 MB 2125.2 s (35:25 min) 421438 B/s 411.56 KB/s
898371584 B 856.8 MB 2132.5 s (35:32 min) 421280 B/s 411.41 KB/s
901783552 B 860.0 MB 2139.8 s (35:39 min) 421431 B/s 411.55 KB/s
904785920 B 862.9 MB 2147.0 s (35:46 min) 421420 B/s 411.54 KB/s
908300288 B 866.2 MB 2154.0 s (35:54 min) 421678 B/s 411.79 KB/s
911953920 B 869.7 MB 2161.2 s (36:01 min) 421969 B/s 412.08 KB/s
914890752 B 872.5 MB 2168.4 s (36:08 min) 421929 B/s 412.04 KB/s
919408640 B 876.8 MB 2175.4 s (36:15 min) 422647 B/s 412.74 KB/s
923365376 B 880.6 MB 2182.6 s (36:22 min) 423061 B/s 413.15 KB/s
```
0

tar -cj / -X /tmp/exclude.txt | cstream -v 1 -c 3 -T 10 | ssh user@host 'tar -xj -C /backupDestination'

fantleas · 2014-07-21 18:52:19 10
Extend LVM and online resize filesystem

Default volume group in Ubuntu is ubuntu-vg and the logical volume is ubuntu-lv, so the provided command will resize the disk to utilize 100% of the available space. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <14.25 GiB (3647 extents) to <28.50 GiB (7295 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is now 7470080 (4k) blocks long.
```
0

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv && resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv

sxiii · 2022-08-26 13:02:10 1054
copy root to new device

preserve all except context and xattr. useful when moving a running system to a new partition.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
-1

cp -dpRx /* /mnt/target/

unixmonkey24812 · 2011-08-22 14:22:01 6

Create & mount 'encrypted filesystem' on a partition or file

In order to create a new encrypted filing system managed by cryptmount, you can use the supplied 'cryptmount-setup' program, which can be used by the superuser to interactively configure a basic setup. Alternatively, suppose that we wish to setup a new encrypted filing system, that will have a target-name of "opaque". If we have a free disk partition available, say /dev/hdb63, then we can use this directly to store the encrypted filing system. Alternatively, if we want to store the encrypted filing system within an ordinary file, we need to create space using a recipe such as: dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/opaque.fs bs=1M count=512 . cryptmount --generate-key 32 opaque . cryptmount --prepare opaque . mke2fs /dev/mapper/opaque . cryptmount --release opaque . mkdir /home/crypt . cryptmount -m opaque . cryptmount -u opaque For detail see sample output Show Sample Output

This is sample output - yours may be different.

In order to create a new encrypted filing system managed by cryptmount,
       you can use the supplied 'cryptmount-setup' program, which can be  used
       by the superuser to interactively configure a basic setup.

       Alternatively,  suppose  that  we  wish to setup a new encrypted filing
       system, that will have a target-name of "opaque".  If we  have  a  free
       disk partition available, say /dev/hdb63, then we can use this directly
       to store the encrypted filing system.  Alternatively,  if  we  want  to
       store  the  encrypted filing system within an ordinary file, we need to
       create space using a recipe such as:

$dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/opaque.fs bs=1M count=512

       and then replace all occurences of '/dev/hdb63' in the  following  with
       '/home/opaque.fs'.   (/dev/urandom  can  be used in place of /dev/zero,
       debatably for extra security, but is rather slower.)

       First,  we  need  to  add  an  entry  in  /etc/cryptmount/cmtab,  which
       describes  the  encryption  that will be used to protect the filesystem
       itself and the access key, as follows:

           opaque {
               dev=/dev/hdb63 dir=/home/crypt
               fstype=ext2 mountoptions=defaults cipher=twofish
               keyfile=/etc/cryptmount/opaque.key
               keyformat=builtin
           }

       Here, we will be using the "twofish" algorithm to  encrypt  the  filing
       system  itself, with the built-in key-manager being used to protect the
       decryption key (to be stored in /etc/cryptmount/opaque.key).

       In  order  to  generate  a  secret  decryption  key   (in   /etc/crypt&#8208;
       mount/opaque.key)  that  will  be  used  to  encrypt  the filing system
itself, we can execute, as root:

$cryptmount --generate-key 32 opaque

       This will generate a 32-byte (256-bit) key, which is known to  be  sup&#8208;
       ported  by the Twofish cipher algorithm, and store it in encrypted form
       after asking the system administrator for a password.

       If we now execute, as root:

$cryptmount --prepare opaque

       we will then be asked for the password that we  used  when  setting  up
       /etc/cryptmount/opaque.key,  which  will  enable  cryptmount to setup a
       device-mapper target (/dev/mapper/opaque).  (If you  receive  an  error
       message  of the form device-mapper ioctl cmd 9 failed: Invalid argument
       , this may mean that you have chosen a key-size that isn't supported by
       your chosen cipher algorithm.  You can get some information about suit&#8208;
       able key-sizes by checking the output  from  "more  /proc/crypto",  and
       looking at the "min keysize" and "max keysize" fields.)

       We  can  now  use  standard tools to create the actual filing system on
       /dev/mapper/opaque:

$mke2fs /dev/mapper/opaque

       (It may be advisable, after the filesystem is first mounted,  to  check
       that  the  permissions of the top-level directory created by mke2fs are
       appropriate for your needs.)

       After executing

$cryptmount --release opaque
$mkdir /home/crypt

       the encrypted filing system is ready for use.  Ordinary users can mount
       it by typing

$cryptmount -m opaque

       or

           cryptmount opaque

       and unmount it using

$cryptmount -u opaque

-2

cryptmount -m <name>

totti · 2012-01-17 18:02:47 16

Move a file up a directory.

cd into the directory that contains the file. this is just the usual move command but shortcut'd. say you wanted to move a photo img1.png from ~/photos/holidayphotos into the parent directory which is ~/photos command would be: ~/photos/holidayphotos$ mv img1.png .. I use Ubuntu so this'll work in debian but not sure what else.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
-3

mv file_name.extension ..

takealeft · 2009-03-09 15:35:58 7
< 1 2

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Convert seconds to [DD:][HH:]MM:SS

Converts any number of seconds into days, hours, minutes and seconds. sec2dhms() { declare -i SS="$1" D=$(( SS / 86400 )) H=$(( SS % 86400 / 3600 )) M=$(( SS % 3600 / 60 )) S=$(( SS % 60 )) [ "$D" -gt 0 ] && echo -n "${D}:" [ "$H" -gt 0 ] && printf "%02g:" "$H" printf "%02g:%02g\n" "$M" "$S" }

Which processes are listening on a specific port (e.g. port 80)

swap out "80" for your port of interest. Can use port number or named ports e.g. "http"

Buffer in order to avoir mistakes with redirections that empty your files

A common mistake in Bash is to write command-line where there's command a reading a file and whose result is redirected to that file. It can be easily avoided because of : 1) warnings "-bash: file.txt: cannot overwrite existing file" 2) options (often "-i") that let the command directly modify the file but I like to have that small function that does the trick by waiting for the first command to end before trying to write into the file. Lots of things could probably done in a better way, if you know one...

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Get absolut path to your bash-script

Another way of doing it that's a bit clearer. I'm a fan of readable code.

See system users

check open ports without netstat or lsof

How to stop MAC Address via IPTables

edit the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file and try to work whit this: -A INPUT -i (interface) -m mac (mac address) -j ACCEPT/DROP

Remove all zero size files from current directory (not recursive)

works only in zsh

Show an application's environment variables

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Commands tagged Filesystem (35)

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