This command will set bash as the default shell for all users in a FreeBSD system.
Save some CPU, and some PIDs. :)
Shows a list of users that currently running processes are executing as.
YMMV regarding ps and it's many variants. For example, you might need:
ps -axgu | cut -f1 -d' ' | sort -u
Show Sample Output
There is a limit to how many processes you can run at the same time for each user, especially with web hosts. If the maximum # of processes for your user is 200, then the following sets OPTIMUM_P to 100.
OPTIMUM_P=$(( (`ulimit -u` - `find /proc -maxdepth 1 \( -user $USER -o -group $GROUPNAME \) -type d|wc -l`) / 2 ))
This is very useful in scripts because this is such a fast low-resource-intensive (compared to ps, who, lsof, etc) way to determine how many processes are currently running for whichever user. The number of currently running processes is subtracted from the high limit setup for the account (see limits.conf, pam, initscript).
An easy to understand example- this searches the current directory for shell scripts, and runs up to 100 'file' commands at the same time, greatly speeding up the command.
find . -type f | xargs -P $OPTIMUM_P -iFNAME file FNAME | sed -n '/shell script text/p'
I am using it in my http://www.askapache.com/linux-unix/bash_profile-functions-advanced-shell.html especially for the xargs command. Xargs has a -P option that lets you specify how many processes to run at the same time. For instance if you have 1000 urls in a text file and wanted to download all of them fast with curl, you could download 100 at a time (check ps output on a separate [pt]ty for proof) like this:
cat url-list.txt | xargs -I '{}' -P $OPTIMUM_P curl -O '{}'
I like to do things as fast as possible on my servers. I have several types of servers and hosting environments, some with very restrictive jail shells with 20processes limit, some with 200, some with 8000, so for the jailed shells my xargs -P10 would kill my shell or dump core. Using the above I can set the -P value dynamically, so xargs always works, like this.
cat url-list.txt | xargs -I '{}' -P $OPTIMUM_P curl -O '{}'
If you were building a process-killer (very common for cheap hosting) this would also be handy.
Note that if you are only allowed 20 or so processes, you should just use -P1 with xargs.
Show Sample Output
In OSX you would have to make sure that you "sudo -s" your way to happiness since it will give a few "Permission denied" errors before finally spitting out the results. In OSX the directory structure has to start with the "Users" Directory then it will recursively perform the operation. Your Lord and master, Mematron Show Sample Output
adding users to groups on OS X is not a straightforward process, you need to use the new in built in Directory Service command line utility...
the -h option of du and sort (on appropriate distrib) makes output "Human" readable and still sorted by "reversed size" (sort -rh) Show Sample Output
without reverse...
Shows list of users and their details in LDAP
Credit for the awk command goes to: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-move-migrate-user-accounts-old-to-new-server/
Most systems (at least my macbook) have system users defined, such as _www and using "users" for example will not list them. This command allows you to see who the 'virtual' users are on your system. Show Sample Output
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