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The socket.gethostname() call returns the host name of the computer. The socket.gethostbyname_ex() call returns a list of three items: The host name, the list of aliases for this host, and a list of IP addresses. Recall that Python?s array starts with index 0, the socket.gethostbyname_ex(?)[2] expression refers to the list of IP addresses. Finally, the print statement prints out the IP addresses, one per line.
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On my ubuntu 8.04 system this just returns 127.0.0.1, while I have two network devices on my system with non-trivial IP addresses: (1) a local NAT'ed 192.168.x.y address and (2) a tunnelled vpn connection to my workplace. Neither of those addresses show up with this command.
Oops, I forgot to try it on my Linux machine. I tested it on my Mac and it worked. Sorry about that.