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Compresses each file individually, creating a $fileneame.tar.gz and removes the uncompressed version, usefull if you have lots of files and don't want 1 huge archive containing them all. you could replace ls with ls *.pdf to just perform the action on pdfs for example.
There are 9 alternatives - vote for the best!
Should do exactly the same - compress every file in the current directory. You can even use it recursively:
gzip -r .
If you can do better, submit your command here.
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This doesn't make sense to me. If you want to compress all files then why not just use gzip. The purpose of using tar is to allow multiple files to be stored together in one file. If there is only one file in each archive then there's no point using tar.
On a more practical point I would suggest using && between the tar and rm commands. You don't want the tar command to fail and the rm to work:
ls | while read filename; do tar -czvf "$filename".tar.gz "$filename" && rm "$filename"; doneagree