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Extract audio stream from an AVI file using mencoder
This commands saves the output in the audio directory. The portion ${file/%avi/mp3} uses bash string replacement to replace the avi to mp3 within the ${file} variable.

Convert flv without re-encoding

Url Encode
Converts reserved characters in a URI to their percent encoded counterparts. Alternate python version: $ echo "$url" | python -c 'import sys,urllib;print urllib.quote(sys.stdin.read().strip())'

formatting number with comma
it is not work with Cygwin's bash3.X. Test in Linux. use printf "%'f" number while it is floating point number

Apply an xdelta patch to a file
xdelta is a command line program for delta encoding, which generates the difference between two files. This is similar to diff and patch, but it is targeted for binary files and does not generate human readable output. http://xdelta.org/

Convert seconds to [DD:][HH:]MM:SS
Converts any number of seconds into days, hours, minutes and seconds. sec2dhms() { declare -i SS="$1" D=$(( SS / 86400 )) H=$(( SS % 86400 / 3600 )) M=$(( SS % 3600 / 60 )) S=$(( SS % 60 )) [ "$D" -gt 0 ] && echo -n "${D}:" [ "$H" -gt 0 ] && printf "%02g:" "$H" printf "%02g:%02g\n" "$M" "$S" }

rgrep: recursive grep without .svn
Only excludes .svn from filenames.

Which processes are listening on a specific port (e.g. port 80)
swap out "80" for your port of interest. Can use port number or named ports e.g. "http"

Erase a word

diff the outputs of two programs
I've been looking for this for a long time. Does anybody know how to do this in dash (POSIX shell)? An alternative version might be: $ exiftool img_1.jpg | diff -


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