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locating packages held back, such as with "aptitude hold "
locating packages held back, such as with "aptitude hold "

find packages installed from e.g. sid which are newer than those available from e.g. testing when sid is no longer present as a source repo
This is useful if you add sid, install some packages, then remove sid and want to work out which packages you installed from sid that should be removed (e.g. before an upgrade to the new stable). Alternatively you can think of this as "find installed packages that can no longer be installed."

Find the dates your debian/ubuntu packages were installed.
Find when debian packages were installed on a system.

network usage per process
Nethogs groups bandwidth by process.

Find failures with journalctl
Sometimes things break. You can find the most recent errors using a combination of journalctl, along with the classic tools sort and uniq

check python syntax in vim

Touch a file using a timestamp embedded in the file name.
tstouch takes two arguments: a filename containing a timestamp, and an extended regular expression with the parenthesized section matching a timestamp of the form YYYYMMDDhhmm or YYYYMMDDhhmm.ss. It then touches the file with that timestamp.

Get AWS temporary credentials ready to export based on a MFA virtual appliance
You might want to secure your AWS operations requiring to use a MFA token. But then to use API or tools, you need to pass credentials generated with a MFA token. This commands asks you for the MFA code and retrieves these credentials using AWS Cli. To print the exports, you can use: `awk '{ print "export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"" $1 "\"\n" "export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"" $2 "\"\n" "export AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=\"" $3 "\"" }'` You must adapt the command line to include: * $MFA_IDis ARN of the virtual MFA or serial number of the physical one * TTL for the credentials

How to estimate the storage size of all files not named *.[extension] on the current directory
With this sentence we can estimate the storage size of all files not named *.jpg on the current directory. The syntax is based on Linux, for Unix compliance use: find ./* -prune ! -name '*.jpg' -ls |awk '{TOTAL+=$7} END {print int(TOTAL/(1024^2))"MB"}' We can change the jpg extension for whatever extension what we need

check open ports without netstat or lsof


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