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use SHIFT + ALT to toggle between two keyboard layouts
change the last two-character abbreviation to any layout abbreviation you want. This command will only run in the current session, add to your ~/.bashrc to make this permanent.

directly ssh to host B that is only accessible through host A
Of course you need to be able to access host A for this ;-)

sort ip by count quickly with awk from apache logs
creates associative array from apache logs, assumes "combined" log format or similar. replace awk column to suit needs. bandwidth per ip is also useful. have fun. I haven't found a more efficient way to do this as yet. sorry, FIXED TYPO: log file should obviously go after awk, which then pipes into sort.

Binary injection
Replace (as opposed to insert) hex opcodes, data, breakpoints, etc. without opening a hex editor. HEXBYTES contains the hex you want to inject in ascii form (e.g. 31c0) OFFSET is the hex offset (e.g. 49cf) into the binary FILE

Count number of files in a directory

Find running binary executables that were not installed using dpkg
This helped me find a botnet that had made into my system. Of course, this is not a foolproof or guarantied way to find all of them or even most of them. But it helped me find it.

clone directory structure
dir1 and all its subdirs and subdirs of subdirs ... but *no files* will be copied to dir2 (not even symbolic links of files will be made). To preserve ownerships & permissions: $ cp -Rps dir1 dir2 Yes, you can do it with $ rsync -a --include '*/' --exclude '*' /path/to/source /path/to/dest too, but I didn't test if this can handle attributes correctly (experiment rsync command yourself with --dry-run switch to avoid harming your file system) You must be in the parent directory of dir1 while executing this command (place dir2 where you will), else soft links of files in dir2 will be made. I couldn't find how to avoid this "limitation" (yet). Playing with recursive unlink command loop maybe? PS. Bash will complain, but the job will be done.

Put terminal into vi mode
For if you want to use vi key bindings in the terminal

Generate binary sequence data

move you up one directory quickly
In bash, this turns on auto cd. If a command is just a directory name, it cd's into that directory.


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