After you execute a command (or shell script) in the background using &, if you logout from the session, the command will get killed. To avoid that, you should use nohup as shown below.

Convert long list of ' ' to a single space. Compress space and other characters. Show Sample Output

Display the 1st field (employee name) from a colon delimited file Show Sample Output

The following displays only the entries that are duplicates. Show Sample Output

Uniq command is mostly used in combination with sort command, as uniq removes duplicates only from a sorted file. i.e In order for uniq to work, all the duplicate entries should be in the adjacent lines. Show Sample Output

ls -al gives all files, sort +4n sorts by 5th field numerically

Sort using kth column using : delimiter

Translates first set into second set Show Sample Output

Join command combines lines from two files based on a common field. Show Sample Output

This will be very helpful when you are debugging shell scripts, where you don?t want to display the echo statement and interested in only looking at the error messages. Similarly use 2> to supress error messages Show Sample Output

This pattern matches empty lines in the file and -c gives the count

Use shopt -s cdspell to correct the typos in the cd command Show Sample Output

manage directory stack Show Sample Output

switch to previous directory or toggle

Creates a directory and then cds into it directly Show Sample Output

While logged into ssh, type ~s to see stats of ssh

Suspend ssh session Show Sample Output

Sometimes it is necessary to view debug messages to troubleshoot any SSH connection issues. pass -v (lowercase v) option to the ssh as shown below to view the ssh debug messages. Show Sample Output