Commands tagged Debian (100)
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The title is optional. Options: -t: expire time in milliseconds. -u: urgency (low, normal, critical). -i: icon path. On Debian-based systems you may need to install the 'libnotify-bin' package. Useful to advise when a wget download or a simulation ends. Example:
wget URL ; notify-send "Done"47notify-send ["<title>"] "<body>" -
'dpkg -S' just matches the string you supply it, so just using 'ls' as an argument matches any file from any package that has 'ls' anywhere in the filename. So usually it's a good idea to use an absolute path. You can see in the second example that 12 thousand files that are known to dpkg match the bare string 'ls'. Show Sample Output
45dpkg -S /usr/bin/ls -
(also works on Ubuntu) Copies the 'install,' 'hold,' 'deinstall' and 'purge' states of packages on the remote machine to be matched on the local machine. Note: if packages were installed on the local machine that were never installed on the remote machine, they will not be deinstalled by this operation.
27ssh remotehost 'dpkg --get-selections' | dpkg --set-selections && dselect install -
Limits the usage of bandwidth by apt-get, in the example the command will use 30Kb/s ;) It should work for most apt-get actions (install, update, upgrade, dist-upgrade, etc.)
18sudo apt-get -o Acquire::http::Dl-Limit=30 upgrade -
also search with aptitude search '~c'
18aptitude purge '~c' -
Requires the "wajig" package to be installed.
14wajig large -
Purge all configuration files of removed packages Show Sample Output
13sudo aptitude purge `dpkg --get-selections | grep deinstall | awk '{print $1}'` -
Best to try first with -n flag, to preview
12rename 's/^/prefix/' * -
This helped me find a botnet that had made into my system. Of course, this is not a foolproof or guarantied way to find all of them or even most of them. But it helped me find it.
12cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list > /tmp/listin ; ls /proc/*/exe |xargs -l readlink | grep -xvFf /tmp/listin; rm /tmp/listin -
12dpkg -S $( which ls )
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This command is useful when you want to install the same packages on another fresh OS install for example. To do that, use:
sudo dpkg --set-selections < LIST_FILEShow Sample Output11dpkg --get-selections > LIST_FILE -
dpigs is in the package debian-goodies (debian/ubuntu)
11dpigs -
Requires: imagemagick and graphviz On Debian systems, displays a graph of package dependencies. Works also with other image formats, like svg :
apt-cache dotty bash | dot -T svg | display9apt-cache dotty apache2 | dot -T png | display -
Adapted using your usefull comments !
9grep -e `date +%Y-%m-%d` /var/log/dpkg.log | awk '/install / {print $4}' | uniq | xargs apt-get -y remove -
If any changes have been made to the package while it was unpacked (ie, conffiles files in /etc modi‐fied), the new package will inherit the changes. This way you can make it easy to copy packages from one computer to another, or to recreate packages that are installed on your system, but no longer available elsewhere. Note: dpkg-repack will place the created package in the current directory. Show Sample Output
9dpkg-repack firefox -
This should do the same thing and is about 70 chars shorter. Show Sample Output
8aptitude remove $(dpkg -l|egrep '^ii linux-(im|he)'|awk '{print $2}'|grep -v `uname -r`) -
Works similar to dpkg -S, but uses the locatedb and is thus inarguably a lot faster - if the locatedb is current.
8dlocate /path/to/file -
Note the double space: "...^ii␣␣linux-image-2..." Like 5813, but fixes two bugs: [1]This leaves the meta-packages 'linux-headers-generic' and 'linux-image-generic' alone so that automatic upgrades work correctly in the future. [2]Kernels newer than the currently running one are left alone (this can happen if you didn't reboot after installing a new kernel). I'm bummed that this took 228 characters. I'd like to see a simpler version. Show Sample Output
7aptitude remove $(dpkg -l|awk '/^ii linux-image-2/{print $2}'|sed 's/linux-image-//'|awk -v v=`uname -r` 'v>$0'|sed 's/-generic//'|awk '{printf("linux-headers-%s\nlinux-headers-%s-generic\nlinux-image-%s-generic\n",$0,$0,$0)}') -
Shows all configurations to apt and dpkg, rarely changed, you probably still have the default configuration. Go ahead and explore your configuration if you dare, perhaps change your apt-cache directory, Dir::Cache "var/cache/apt/"; or the names of the log files. Show Sample Output
6apt-config dump -
5grep "install " /var/log/dpkg.log | awk '{print $4}' | xargs apt-get -y remove --purge
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Calculates the size on disk for each package installed on the filesystem (or removed but not purged). This is missing the
| sort -rnwhich would put the biggest packges on top. That was purposely left out as the command is slightly on the slow side Also you may need to run this as root as some files can only be checked by du if you can read them ;) Show Sample Output5dpkg --get-selections | cut -f1 | while read pkg; do dpkg -L $pkg | xargs -I'{}' bash -c 'if [ ! -d "{}" ]; then echo "{}"; fi' | tr '\n' '\000' | du -c --files0-from - | tail -1 | sed "s/total/$pkg/"; done -
This will take the packages matching a given `apt-cache search` query (a collection of AND'd words or regexps) and tell you how popular they are. This is particularly nice for those times you have to figure out which solution to use for e.g. a PDF reader or a VNC client. Substitute "ubuntu.com" for "debian.org" if you want this to use Ubuntu's data instead. Everything else will work perfectly. Show Sample Output
5apt-popcon() { (echo \#rank; apt-cache search "$@" |awk '$1 !~ /^lib/ {print " "$1" "}') |grep -Ff- <(wget -qqO- http://popcon.debian.org/by_inst.gz |gunzip); } -
On Debian systems, choose which command provides java. Works for all alternatives listed in /etc/alternatives.
4update-alternatives --config java -
This is the fastest method to search the Debian package database. Requires the dlocate package. The dlocate db updates periodically, but you may force an update with # dlocate-update
4dlocate [ package | string ] -
This will remove all installed kernels on your debian based install, except the one you're currently using. From: http://tuxtweaks.com/2009/12/remove-old-kernels-in-ubuntu/comment-page-1/#comment-1590
4dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge - 1 2 3 > Last ›
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