Commands tagged Debian sorted by votes

Commands tagged Debian (100)

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Send pop-up notifications on Gnome

The title is optional. Options: -t: expire time in milliseconds. -u: urgency (low, normal, critical). -i: icon path. On Debian-based systems you may need to install the 'libnotify-bin' package. Useful to advise when a wget download or a simulation ends. Example: wget URL ; notify-send "Done"
This is sample output - yours may be different.
47

notify-send ["<title>"] "<body>"

o6291408 · 2009-04-29 10:05:20 22
(Debian/Ubuntu) Discover what package a file belongs to

'dpkg -S' just matches the string you supply it, so just using 'ls' as an argument matches any file from any package that has 'ls' anywhere in the filename. So usually it's a good idea to use an absolute path. You can see in the second example that 12 thousand files that are known to dpkg match the bare string 'ls'. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
user@host:$ dpkg -S /bin/ls
coreutils: /bin/ls
user@host:$ dpkg -S ls | wc -l
12831
```
45

dpkg -S /usr/bin/ls

bwoodacre · 2009-04-18 18:18:23 25
Tell local Debian machine to install packages used by remote Debian machine

(also works on Ubuntu) Copies the 'install,' 'hold,' 'deinstall' and 'purge' states of packages on the remote machine to be matched on the local machine. Note: if packages were installed on the local machine that were never installed on the remote machine, they will not be deinstalled by this operation.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
27

ssh remotehost 'dpkg --get-selections' | dpkg --set-selections && dselect install

Mozai · 2011-05-12 17:26:43 12
Limit bandwidth usage by apt-get

Limits the usage of bandwidth by apt-get, in the example the command will use 30Kb/s ;) It should work for most apt-get actions (install, update, upgrade, dist-upgrade, etc.)
This is sample output - yours may be different.
18

sudo apt-get -o Acquire::http::Dl-Limit=30 upgrade

alemani · 2010-03-22 01:29:44 13
Purge configuration files of removed packages on debian based systems

also search with aptitude search '~c'
This is sample output - yours may be different.
18

aptitude purge '~c'

bugmenot · 2010-09-13 12:15:00 12
List your largest installed packages.

Requires the "wajig" package to be installed.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
14

wajig large

udim · 2009-04-19 20:26:26 15

Purge configuration files of removed packages on debian based systems

Purge all configuration files of removed packages Show Sample Output

sudo aptitude purge `dpkg --get-selections | grep deinstall | awk '{print $1}'`

kelevra · 2009-04-28 11:44:04 15

Add prefix onto filenames

Best to try first with -n flag, to preview
This is sample output - yours may be different.
12

rename 's/^/prefix/' *

lingo · 2009-08-14 03:26:45 18
Find running binary executables that were not installed using dpkg

This helped me find a botnet that had made into my system. Of course, this is not a foolproof or guarantied way to find all of them or even most of them. But it helped me find it.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
12

cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list > /tmp/listin ; ls /proc/*/exe |xargs -l readlink | grep -xvFf /tmp/listin; rm /tmp/listin

kamathln · 2009-09-09 18:09:14 22
Find the package a command belongs to on Debian
This is sample output - yours may be different.
12

dpkg -S $( which ls )

rubenmoran · 2011-02-09 10:28:58 13
Generate a list of installed packages on Debian-based systems

This command is useful when you want to install the same packages on another fresh OS install for example. To do that, use: sudo dpkg --set-selections < LIST_FILE Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
a2ps                                            install
acl                                             install
acpi                                            install
acpi-support                                    install
acpid                                           install
...
```
11

dpkg --get-selections > LIST_FILE

o6291408 · 2009-03-28 17:45:29 12
List your largest installed packages (on Debian/Ubuntu)

dpigs is in the package debian-goodies (debian/ubuntu)
This is sample output - yours may be different.
11

dpigs

xrm0 · 2009-10-26 20:38:17 18
Generate a graph of package dependencies

Requires: imagemagick and graphviz On Debian systems, displays a graph of package dependencies. Works also with other image formats, like svg : apt-cache dotty bash | dot -T svg | display
This is sample output - yours may be different.
9

apt-cache dotty apache2 | dot -T png | display

raphink · 2009-02-18 14:27:31 14
Remove today's Debian installed packages

Adapted using your usefull comments !
This is sample output - yours may be different.
9

grep -e `date +%Y-%m-%d` /var/log/dpkg.log | awk '/install / {print $4}' | uniq | xargs apt-get -y remove

skygreg · 2010-01-12 09:42:22 12
put an unpacked .deb package back together

If any changes have been made to the package while it was unpacked (ie, conffiles files in /etc modi‐fied), the new package will inherit the changes. This way you can make it easy to copy packages from one computer to another, or to recreate packages that are installed on your system, but no longer available elsewhere. Note: dpkg-repack will place the created package in the current directory. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
-rw-r--r--  1 root    root       15193596 2012-01-13 12:29 firefox_8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.04.3_i386.deb
```
9

dpkg-repack firefox

knoppix5 · 2012-01-13 11:47:40 9
Remove all unused kernels with apt-get

This should do the same thing and is about 70 chars shorter. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-image-2.6.32-3-amd64 linux-image-amd64 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 99.6MB will be freed.
Would download/install/remove packages.

# `uname -r` = "2.6.34-dbb-deb"
```
8

aptitude remove $(dpkg -l|egrep '^ii linux-(im|he)'|awk '{print $2}'|grep -v `uname -r`)

dbbolton · 2010-06-10 21:23:00 11
(Debian/Ubuntu) Discover what package a file belongs to

Works similar to dpkg -S, but uses the locatedb and is thus inarguably a lot faster - if the locatedb is current.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
8

dlocate /path/to/file

towo · 2010-11-18 19:07:12 3
Remove all unused kernels with apt-get

Note the double space: "...^ii␣␣linux-image-2..." Like 5813, but fixes two bugs: [1]This leaves the meta-packages 'linux-headers-generic' and 'linux-image-generic' alone so that automatic upgrades work correctly in the future. [2]Kernels newer than the currently running one are left alone (this can happen if you didn't reboot after installing a new kernel). I'm bummed that this took 228 characters. I'd like to see a simpler version. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
The following packages will be REMOVED:  
  linux-headers-2.6.32-24 linux-headers-2.6.32-24-generic linux-headers-2.6.32-25 linux-headers-2.6.32-25-generic linux-headers-2.6.35-22 
  linux-headers-2.6.35-22-generic linux-image-2.6.32-24-generic linux-image-2.6.32-25-generic linux-image-2.6.35-22-generic 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 9 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 566MB will be freed.
```
7

aptitude remove $(dpkg -l|awk '/^ii linux-image-2/{print $2}'|sed 's/linux-image-//'|awk -v v=`uname -r` 'v>$0'|sed 's/-generic//'|awk '{printf("linux-headers-%s\nlinux-headers-%s-generic\nlinux-image-%s-generic\n",$0,$0,$0)}')

__ · 2010-12-11 11:38:15 8
Show Apt/Dpkg configuration

Shows all configurations to apt and dpkg, rarely changed, you probably still have the default configuration. Go ahead and explore your configuration if you dare, perhaps change your apt-cache directory, Dir::Cache "var/cache/apt/"; or the names of the log files. Show Sample Output
This is sample output - yours may be different.
```
APT "";
APT::Architecture "amd64";
APT::Build-Essential "";
APT::Build-Essential:: "build-essential";
APT::Install-Recommends "true";
APT::Install-Suggests "0";
APT::NeverAutoRemove "";
APT::NeverAutoRemove:: "^firmware-linux.*";
```
6

apt-config dump

LinuxMan · 2011-12-13 19:11:02 8
Remove today's installed packages
This is sample output - yours may be different.
5

grep "install " /var/log/dpkg.log | awk '{print $4}' | xargs apt-get -y remove --purge

skygreg · 2009-04-06 13:06:04 10

Calculates the size on disk for each package installed on the filesystem (or removed but not purged). This is missing the | sort -rn which would put the biggest packges on top. That was purposely left out as the command is slightly on the slow side Also you may need to run this as root as some files can only be checked by du if you can read them ;) Show Sample Output

This is sample output - yours may be different.

176     acl                                                                                                                                     
44      acpi                                                                                                                                    
396     acpi-support                                                                                                                            
32      acpi-support-base                                                                                                                       
108     acpid                                                                                                                                   
524     adduser                                                                                                                                 
408     akonadi-server                                                                                                                          
2416    akregator                                                                                                                               
388     alsa-base                                                                                                                               
1840    alsa-utils                                                                                                                              
1860    amor                                                                                                                                    
96      anacron                                                                                                                                 
120     apmd                                                                                                                                    
4512    apt                                                                                                                                     
104     apt-file                                                                                                                                
376     apt-utils                                                                                                                               
140     apt-xapian-index                                                                                                                        
9184    aptitude                                                                                                                                
112     at                                                                                                                                      
104     avahi-autoipd                                                                                                                           
252     avahi-daemon                                                                                                                            
260     base-files                                                                                                                              
100     base-passwd                                                                                                                             
du: cannot access `diverted by dash to: /usr/share/man/man1/sh.distrib.1.gz': No such file or directory                                         
du: cannot access `diverted by dash to: /bin/sh.distrib': No such file or directory

dpkg --get-selections | cut -f1 | while read pkg; do dpkg -L $pkg | xargs -I'{}' bash -c 'if [ ! -d "{}" ]; then echo "{}"; fi' | tr '\n' '\000' | du -c --files0-from - | tail -1 | sed "s/total/$pkg/"; done

pykler · 2009-10-12 14:57:54 5

Search for packages, ranked by popularity

This will take the packages matching a given `apt-cache search` query (a collection of AND'd words or regexps) and tell you how popular they are. This is particularly nice for those times you have to figure out which solution to use for e.g. a PDF reader or a VNC client. Substitute "ubuntu.com" for "debian.org" if you want this to use Ubuntu's data instead. Everything else will work perfectly. Show Sample Output

apt-popcon() { (echo \#rank; apt-cache search "$@" |awk '$1 !~ /^lib/ {print " "$1" "}') |grep -Ff- <(wget -qqO- http://popcon.debian.org/by_inst.gz |gunzip); }

adamhotep · 2012-09-08 00:29:31 5

Update program providing a functionality on Debian

On Debian systems, choose which command provides java. Works for all alternatives listed in /etc/alternatives.
This is sample output - yours may be different.
4

update-alternatives --config java

raphink · 2009-02-18 13:43:41 10
Find a file's package or list a package's contents.

This is the fastest method to search the Debian package database. Requires the dlocate package. The dlocate db updates periodically, but you may force an update with # dlocate-update
This is sample output - yours may be different.
4

dlocate [ package | string ]

udim · 2009-04-19 20:19:06 8
Remove all unused kernels with apt-get

This will remove all installed kernels on your debian based install, except the one you're currently using. From: http://tuxtweaks.com/2009/12/remove-old-kernels-in-ubuntu/comment-page-1/#comment-1590
This is sample output - yours may be different.
4

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/$.*$-$[^0-9]\+$/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* $[^ ]*$.*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

mitzip · 2010-06-10 20:33:32 7
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Get own public IP address

Returns your external IP address to the command line using only wget

Monitor incoming connections of proxies and balancers.

Maybe this will help you to monitor your load balancers or reverse proxies if you happen to use them. This is useful to discover TIME OUTS and this will let you know if one or more of your application servers is not connected by checking.

Last month

Work out last months value

Unbelievable Shell Colors, Shading, Backgrounds, Effects for Non-X

I've been using linux for almost a decade and only recently discovered that most terminals like putty, xterm, xfree86, vt100, etc., support hundreds of shades of colors, backgrounds and text/terminal effects. This simply prints out a ton of them, the output is pretty amazing. If you use non-x terminals all the time like I do, it can really be helpful to know how to tweak colors and terminal capabilities. Like: $ echo $'\33[H\33[2J'

Find usb device in realtime

Using this command you can track a moment when usb device was attached.

recursive search and replace old with new string, inside files

If you can install rpl it's simpler to use and faster than combinations of find, grep and sed. See man rpl for various options. time on above operation: real 0m0.862s, user 0m0.548s, sys 0m0.180s using find + sed: real 0m3.546s, user 0m1.752s, sys 0m1.580s

Convert CSV to JSON

Replace 'csv_file.csv' with your filename.

delete a line from your shell history

If you're a moron like me, sometimes your fingers get away from you and you, for example, enter your password when you're already authenticated to ssh-agent, sudo, etc., and your password ends up in shell history. Here's how to get it out.

Alert visually until any key is pressed

I learned a few things reading this command. But I did run into a few issues: 1. On systems that don't use GNU echo (e.g. macOS 10.14.5 Mojave), the e option may not be supported. In this case ANSI escape codes will echoed as text and the terminal will not flash, like this: \e[?5h\e[38;5;1m A L E R T Thu Jun 20 16:31:29 PDT 2019 2. Since the read command strips\ignores leading backslashes, if a user types the backslash character once in the loop, it will not break. Typing backslash twice in a loop will break as expected. 3. The foreground color is set to red (\e[38;5;1m) on every loop. This could be set once before we call while, and then reset once when the loop breaks. 4. Instead of resetting the foreground color when it breaks, the video mode is set back to normal (\e[?5l). This has the effect of leaving the terminal text red until it is manually reset. The alternative I'm proposing here addresses these issues. I tested it on macOS and Arch Linux.

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Commands tagged Debian (100)

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